The
use of hemp for food and medicine may be as old as the human race itself.
Recent interest in the seed arises from the awareness of the nutritional need
for omega-6 and omega-3 essential fatty acids, as well as the need for cheap sources
of protein to feed a burgeoning population in Asia and the developing world. In
addition to its nutritional value, hemp seed has demonstrated positive health
benefits, including the lowering of cholesterol and high blood pressure.
In the second century, Galen recorded that some people enjoyed eating fried hemp
seeds with their desserts. As recently as the 1950's in Southern Africa, mothers
of the Sotho tribe served the ground seed "with bread or mealie-pap"
to children during weaning. Human uses of hemp seed for food are naturally found
in India where the oil is pressed to provide a table oil, and in Russia where
the oil is made into a kind of hemp butter or margarine.
In Europe, it was
once required of monks that three meals made of hemp seed were eaten daily, whether
in soups, gruel, or porridges. In the belief that the spirits of dead relatives
visit every Christmas Eve, the Polish and Lithuanian people prepared them a soup
of hemp seed which was called "semieniatka". The Ukrainian and Latvian
people made a similar offering on the day of Three Kings. In China, hemp seed
was consumed by farmers in the north and the seed were listed as a famine food
for the starving multitudes of China near the end of World War II. Australians
also used the seed during two famines in the nineteenth century.
Today's hemp seed products are being developed on the working premise of that
which can be done with flax seed and soy beans might also be applied to hemp seed.
Very basic food preparation, and the processing techniques have been the start
of such seemingly remarkable foods as a hemp seed tofu and a low fat cheese substitute
that even melts and stretches like real cheese.
Hemp
Seed Food Products:
Tofu
Pancakes
Salad Dressings
Pastas
Cheese Substitutes
Butters and
Margarine
Granolas
Ice Cream
Hemp See Milk
Sandwich Spreads
candy and Protein bars
All manner of baked goods
Until about 1948 the main use of hemp seed in the US was in feed for dairy and
beef cattle. Most of the seed was imported from Manchuria and Russia. Today, with
the recently renewed demand for hemp fiber for paper and clothing alone, the availability
of hemp seed is expected to increase, thereby facilitating a greater array of
hemp seed products with something for every kind of taste.
Hemp seed is still available today as bird seed, and it is commonly known that
birds prefer them, undoubtedly due to the oil content. At one time in the US,
the seeds were widely used in the feed of poultry and farm animals. IN the 1940's,
the US Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Industry concluded that as
much as 15% of the soybean component in feed for growing chickens could be replaced
by ground hemp seed.
The total protein content of hemp seed is about 65% "edestin" protein.
Described as a "sturdy" protein, pure, easy to prepare, and highly stable,
edestin has a molecular weight of about 300,000 and is classified as a globulin
type of protein, meaning that it is soluble in dilute salt solutions and it readily
becomes changed by heat. At ordinary room temperature, edestin extracted from
heat-treated hemp seed is insoluble, but has a fairly high rate of stability at
high temperatures. At a pH of 5.8 to 7.8, edestin does not coagulate, even after
exposure to a high temperature.